Matter
WHAT MAKES UP MATTER?
* MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space
* Everything that you see is matter – a compound of ELEMENTS
* The smallest particle of a compound is called a MOLECULE
* Elements are made up of tiny particles called ATOMS
* There are over 100 elements, they have all been arranged on the
Periodic Table of Elements
HOW CAN MATTER BE DESCRIBED?
* Matter can be described by its physical properties
* Physical properties can be observed, described, and measured
* Physical Properties include – color, mass, volume, temperature, texture
MASS – the amount of matter in a solid, liquid, or gas. Mass is
measured using a balance in grams or kilograms
VOLUME – the amount of space an object takes up
WHAT ARE SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES?
* Three phases of matter – Solid, Liquid, Gas
1. Solids – have a definite shape and a definite volume – solid
particles are tightly compacted and have small vibrations – solids
hold their shape at room temperature
2. Liquids – have a definite volume but no definite shape – liquid
particles take on the shape of the container they are in – particles
are loosely combined and move around
3. Gases – have no definite shape and no definite volume – gas
particles are not combined at All and they move around freely
* POINTS – Freezing, Melting, & Boiling
1. Freezing Point – when temperatures cool and a material changes
from a liquid state to a solid state
2. Melting Point – when temperatures rise and a material changes
from a solid state to a liquid state
3. Boiling Point – when temperature rise to the point of boiling and
a material changes from a liquid state to a gas state
* Condensation & Evaporation
* Condensation – the physical change that occurs when a gas in
cooled and it returns to its liquid form (steam on a mirror begins to
drip)
* Evaporation – the physical change that occurs when a liquid is
heated and it becomes a gas (hot shower creates steamy mirror)
WHAT ARE MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS?
* Mixtures – a combination of materials that can be easily
separated, each material remains the same
Ex. salad, trail mix, sand
* Solution – a combination of materials, one material usually
dissolves, or the materials completely combine and can not be
easily separated
Ex. salt water, smoothie,
* Solute – the material that dissolves in a solution
Ex. the sugar in sugar water
* Solvent – the material (liquid) that causes the solute to dissolve
Ex. the water in sugar water
* Solubility – the amount of material that can dissolve in a given
amount of liquid
HOW DOES MATTER CHANGE?
* PHYSICAL CHANGE – a change is some properties of matter without
forming a different kind of matter
EX – cutting a piece of paper into smaller pieces, breaking glass
* Temperature can affect the physical change of some materials
EX – butter is easier to spread as it gets warmer
* Melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation are all examples of
physical changes
* CHEMICAL CHANGE – one or more types of matter change into other
types of matter with different properties
* Often, a chemical change will happen even quicker if a higher
temperature is applied
Matter & Sum of Parts
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Sum of Parts
Essential Questions and Answers: What is mass and how do we determine the mass of an object? We use the word mass to talk about how much matter there is in something. We weigh objects with various tools to figure out how much mass there is. The more matter there is, the more something will weigh. What is the difference between weight and mass? The difference between mass and weight is that weight is determined by how much something is pulled by gravity. If we are comparing two different things to each other on Earth, they are pulled by the same by gravity and so the one with more mass weighs more. But in space, where the pull of gravity is very small, something can have almost no weight. It still has matter in it, though, so it still has mass. Does the mass of an object always equal the sum of its parts? Regardless of how the parts of an object are assembled, the weight of the whole object is always the same as the sum of the parts; and when a object is broken into parts, the parts have the same total weight as the original object. It is not always obvious to elementary students that a whole weighs the same as the sum of its parts. Are common objects made up of parts that are too small to be seen without magnification? Yes. We have already observed plant and animal cells in the first quarter and should understand that non-living objects are also made up of smaller parts that are too small to be seen without magnification. How do we know objects are made up of smaller parts if we cannot see them (9b)? Microscopes and stereoscopes use magnification to show parts of an object too small to be seen with the human eye. Chemical and Physical Matter Essential Questions and Answers: What is matter?
What is a chemical change? Chemical changes are chemical reactions; they transform substances into different substances. What are the signs of a chemical change? Chemical changes are identified by the formation of gas, the formation of solid, a change in temperature, color change, emission of light and, if heat is produced or lost. What are examples of chemical changes?
What is a physical change? A physical change simply means that you have rearranged the shape of the object. Physical changes do not form new substances and do not change the chemical nature of the substances involved. What are the signs of a physical change? Physical changes are those that alter only the physical properties of a substance, such as state, size, and shape without changing the chemical properties. It can be characterized as tearing, wadding, rolling, stretching, flattening, or otherwise physically changing the shape without altering the chemical properties. What are examples of physical changes?
How can you verify that the mass of an object is equal to the sum of its parts? The weight of a whole object made is always the same as the sum of the parts and when a thing is broken into parts, the parts will have the same total weight as the original thing. How does the mass of the materials before a chemical reaction compare to the mass of the materials after a chemical reaction is complete? Matter is conserved when it goes through a chemical reaction. No matter how substances interact with one another or how they combine or break apart, the total weight of the matter remains the same. No mass is lost during a chemical reaction. The matter was conserved. Essential Vocabulary:
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